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Substance education guide

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

Synthetic Testosterone Derivatives · Schedule III

Representative photo of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS)What it looks like
Image: U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons. Appearance varies; illicit products may look different or be counterfeit.

01 · How it works

Androgen receptor signaling

AAS diffuse into cells and bind intracellular androgen receptors, changing gene transcription to increase protein synthesis and nitrogen retention. Negative feedback suppresses hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal signaling and natural LH, FSH, and testosterone production.

02 · Immediate effects

Recognize the effects

Signs of Use

  • Rapid muscle or strength changes
  • Acne, oily skin, or hair loss
  • Mood swings, irritability, or aggression
  • Testicular shrinkage or menstrual changes
  • Injection-site swelling, redness, or fever

Short Term

  • Increased strength and training drive
  • Fluid retention and blood-pressure elevation
  • Acne and appetite changes
  • Mood elevation, irritability, or insomnia
  • Reduced sperm production and libido changes

Long Term

  • Hypogonadism and infertility
  • Gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction
  • Dyslipidemia, cardiomyopathy, and heart attack risk
  • Liver injury, especially with oral 17-alpha-alkylated agents
  • Depression, anxiety, and withdrawal fatigue

03 · Long-term consequences

Cardiovascular and endocrine injury

AAS can suppress natural hormone production and damage cardiovascular, hepatic, reproductive, and psychiatric health. Stacking and cycling do not eliminate these risks.

Medical emergency

Identifying an emergency

Call 911 for chest pain, shortness of breath, stroke symptoms, severe agitation, suicidal crisis, high fever, or signs of sepsis such as spreading redness and confusion. Seek urgent care for a painful swollen injection site.

Never share needles; medical supervision is essential for withdrawal and hormone complications
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