01 · Classification
How oxymorphone works
A semi-synthetic morphinan and potent full mu-opioid receptor agonist. It is much more potent than oral morphine and can produce rapid analgesia, euphoria, and respiratory depression.
02 · Acute effects
Effects by exposure level
Therapeutic / low
Powerful analgesia, physical relaxation, drowsiness, constricted pupils, dry mouth, and lower blood pressure.
High / non-prescribed
Euphoric rush, nodding, mental clouding, itching, nausea, constipation, and severe sedation.
Severe toxicity
Unarousable coma, respiratory arrest, agonal breathing, cyanosis, hypothermia, or shock.
Medical emergency
Recognizing opioid overdose
Pinpoint pupils, profound unresponsiveness, slow or absent breathing, gurgling, blue or gray skin, or limp extremities require immediate help.
Call 911. Give naloxone if available, repeat a dose in two to three minutes if normal breathing does not return, provide rescue breathing, and place the person in the recovery position once breathing is restored.
Dangerous combinations
Polydrug interactions
Benzodiazepines, alcohol, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants, and other sedatives can eliminate the margin for safe breathing.
Never mix opioids with other sedatives or use an unverified pill. Tell emergency responders what may have been taken.
03 · Long-term consequences
Health effects of prolonged heavy use
Rapid dependence
Daily use can quickly produce tolerance and severe withdrawal when stopped abruptly.
Injection-related vascular injury
Crushed tablets can cause microvascular thrombosis, anemia, low platelets, kidney failure, and dialysis-requiring injury.
Hypoxic brain damage
A non-fatal overdose can leave lasting memory, speech, and executive-function impairment.
Endocrine and bone effects
Long-term opioid exposure can suppress sex hormones, reduce muscle mass, and contribute to osteoporosis.
Verified resources
Need help?
SAMHSA National Helpline
1-800-662-4357 · Free, confidential, 24/7 treatment referral and information.
Emergency help
For slow or absent breathing, loss of consciousness, or suspected overdose, call 911 immediately and use naloxone if available.